Pneumatically operated educational game



Aug. 30, 1938. v M. L. BURKE El AL 2,123,690

- PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED EDUCATIONAL GAME I Filed March 23, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 fnvezzfora M L. Burke 1?- J Burke Aug. 30, 1938. M. L. BURKE ET AL 4 ,5

PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED EDUCATIONAL GAME File d March 25, 1935 '5 Sheets-Sheet 2 21 22- i 26 I A fmnfars M. L B Urke 1 3d Burke Aug. 30, 1938. M. BURKE El AL PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED EDUCATICNAL GAME 5 Sheet-Sheet 3 Filed March 23, 1935 rllllivlh fflVeflfora ML Burke Rd? Burke v Aug. 30, 1938. t BVURKE AL 2,128,690

PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED EDUCATIONAL GAME Filed March 23. 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 [)2 wen/02's ML. Burke 11?. J. .BZZI'Z'e A 1938- I M. L. BURKE Ef-AL 2,128,690

PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED ED UCATIONAL GAME Filed March 23, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 r I I I I I I I Patented Aug. so, 1938 PATENT OFFICE PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED EDUCA- TIONAL GAME Minnie L. Burke and Richard J. Burke, Altadena, Calif.

Application March 23, 1935, Serial No. 12,600

19 Claims.

Our invention relates to games, and to educational, display and scientific devices.

An object of our invention is to provide a device wherein a model aircraft is caused to move -5. over a suitable operating surface, such as a map or other representation of a selected terrain, in close simulation'of the flight of an-actual aircraft.

Another object is to provide a device of the character indicated, wherein the model aircraft is supported and moved about by means invisible to an observer, whereby to enhance the reality of the illusion created by the model, simulating the flight of an actual aircraft. e

A more detailed object in this connection is to provide a device of the character described wherein the model aircraft is supported and moved about by one or more jets issuing from a nozzle or nozzles movably disposed and concealed below the map or other surface over which the model aircraft flies, it being understood that suitably ar-' ranged apertures are provided in that surface through which the jets are directed.

It is a further object toprovide means" oper- 5 able from a point remote from the model aircraft for moving the nozzle ornozzles, as the case might be, whereby the model aircraft can be caused to follow a predetermined path with respect to certain points represented upon the map. 139 Still another object is to provide means for controlling the direction toward which the model aircraft is pointed with respect to the points of thecompass as represented upon the map, and also the position of the model aircraft with respect to the horizontal, whereby theeffects of steering, banking, nosing up and down, and other movements of actual flying can be imitated in the movements of the model aircraft.

A further object is to provide controlling means of the character indicated which are adapted to be operated by a manually operable lever pivoted at its lower end and movable to operate the principal controls of the model aircraft in close simulation of the manner in which the controls of an actual aircraft are operated by the joy stick thereof. 'T

It is a further object of our invention to provide interchangeable maps and means for mounting a selected map over which the model aircraft can be flown, whereby a person is enabled't'o receive instruction regarding the air routes traversed by actual aircraft in regularly scheduled flights, and the like. 7 V

It is another object to provide hazards" over, around, and/or through which the modelaircraft A still further object of the present inventionis to introduce the element of competition into the manipulation of the device, either by indicating certain points, such as distantly spaced airports, between which a model aircraft is to be flown in a minimum of time, or by duplicating courses to t be traversed in a single device, and providing a model aircraft and operating means therefor associated with each of the courses,"whereb'y more than one person can operate the device simultaneously, the object being for each operator to 1 complete the fight of his ship over the prescribed course before any of his competitors.

Among the general objects of our invention is that of providing a device of the general char acter indicated which is adapted to develop the skill of an operator in maneuvering his aircraft with an increasing degree of efiiciency, and yet which is capable of being operated with such measure of success with only a minimum of skill that it Will be of real value as a game or educational device to be played or operated by relatively young and/or unskilled persons.

Another important object is to provide a construction whereby we can secure the foregoing and other advantages by the use of a minimum number of parts, and which is simple in design, inexpensive to manufacture and assemble, and positive and relatively simple in operation.

The invention possesses other objects and advantageous features, some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth in the following description of the preferred forms of our invention which are illustrated in the drawings accompanying and forming a portion of the specification. It is to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to the showing made by the said drawings and description, as we may adopt variations of the preferred forms within the scope of our invention as set forth in the claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 isa perspective view illustrating a device embodying the principles of thepresent invention. The source of fluid supply is illustrated di grammatically;

Figure 2 is an enlarged top plan view of the device illustrated in Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged, horizontal sectional view, the plane of section being indicated by the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is an enlarged, detail view illustrating the manner of connecting the source of fluid supply .to the device. This view may be considered a vertical sectional view taken upon the line 4'-4 of Fig. 3 with the direction of view as indicated by the arrows.

Figure 5 is an enlarged detail view which may be considered a vertical section taken upon the line 55 of Fig. 3 with the direction of viewas indicated by the arrows.

Figure 6 is an enlarged detail view in vertical;

medial section taken through the movable head which carries the jet-forming nozzles, and showing the manner wherein a model aircraft is supported by the jets. The position of the model aircraft in flightiis indicated in broken lines.

Figure 7 is a top planview of the type of model aircraft illustratedi-n Fig. 6.

Figure '8 isa view-inside elevation'showing a modified type of model aircraft.

Figure 9-is-a view" inside elevatiohshowing a still 'iurther-modifiedtype of model aircraft best suited for-but not limited to, 'u'sein conjunction with the modificationof our inventionfillustrated in Figures 'l-O'to l3inc'lus'ive.

Figure ]:0 i'sa View similar toFigure 1 :but showing a modifiedformof device embodying the principles of the "present invention.

Figure -11'isa longitudinal, "vertical sectional view, the-plane of section "being indicated by the line --l|-=l l of Fig. T0 "with the direction'oi view as-indicate'd. V

'Figure 12 "is :an enlarged detail view of -the mechanism for advancing the nozzle-carrying head "in the modificatiori 'illu'stratedin Figures .10 andll'."

Figure "l8'is a more highly-enlarged detail view in verticalrsectionttakeniup'onthe line 13- 13 of FigJ-lZ.

"Figure--14 is a-view 'similar-to'Fig.G-but showing amodified form of nozzle-carrying headjlil'ie nozzles of-whichare providedWi-th-means "for controlling the flow-of-flu-id therethrough;

Figure l 5-isa-plan view'ta'ken inrthe: direction of the arrow-l 5 of 'Figi'l l'and showing diag'ram' mat-ica-l-ly the electrical circuits associated with the flow-controlling means of Fig. 14.

:Figure" 1-6==-is a transverse, vertical sectional view illustrating a still further modifiedrfo-rm of device embodyingt-he invention. V

In terms of broad inclusion, the present invention contemplates the-provision=of :a device where-.

in a body representing and-identified asaa miniature model of arr aircraftis supportedzin -mid-a-ir through:thewexpedientoflone or more .iets of-fiuid, preferably invisible :soas :t'owcrea-te the illusion of actual -flight of the'nmodelvaircraft.

' This inventive concept "has received a variety of -'expressions, one of which *is illustratedupon Figures 1'-t 8,2inc1us'ive. The device here i-llustratedis adapted for use as a game or "as an educational, display, or. sc'ientificdevicel prises a housing 2| which includes a'bottorn"22 having disposed thereabovexa supporting member, preferably in. "the form of ;a grill .or spaced wires'23 stretched upon a suitable frame'24. Legs '26, preferably'at the corners of the housing 2l,'

support the wire-holding frame- 24m suitable principles of our present.

It comas hereinabove indicated. 'Each map 28 depicts a predetermined terrainfor example, that illustrated on :Fig..2 is a map of the United States,

:having imprinted thereon the outline 29 of the United States, with various important cities 3i,

such asiNeW York, Washington, and Los Angeles, indicated in appropriate locations. Marked upon .each map are certain routes 32 interconnecting certain-of the cities which are indicated thereon, and surrounding all or selected ones of the cities areas 35 of predetermined size whichare intended to represent airports for the respective cities. Thus itmay be seen'that each of the maps 2-8 is in realitya chart indicating conventional airvroutes between'important cities, and it is "preferred that the' maps be made relatively accurate; "1. e., with :their respective air routes substantially corresponding to those regularly traversed by actual-mail andpassen'ger iairplanes following regular schedules, the purpose being'to make the device' 'e'ducational sothat persons employing it can receive -:valuable' 'instructiomnot only inthegeography 'of'the terrain represented by each map, but also 'concerrlingthe regularly followed routes of "air travel "between important points-in thatterrain. i Each "of the "air routes thus indicatedhas as sociated therewith'asuitable aperture of apertures 33, through which a jet of 'air or other suitable fluid can be "directed from 'a "nozzle dis-' posed*underneath"-themap "28. Preferably these apertures :33 are inthe 'form'of "elongated slots substantially continuous throughout "the 'J'Iength of each air route '32. However, under certain circumstances, webs -34-must be provided extend ing across theapertures '33 'so as'f'to support a portion 36 of the map which is completely surrounded, or :in some instances only 'partially surrounded by slo'ts33. Thesewebs, however, are preferably relativelyharrow so asto interfere as little as possible 'with the "flow "of fluid issuing from:a-nozzle moving 'along a slot'3' 3'withitsjet directed upwards "through that slot.

Whereas various types of operating mechanism may be employed for carrying anozzle 'below' and in proper operative relationto theinap 28, Figure 3'illustrates one'type which has proven satisfactory. This operating mechanism dl "comprises vent theescape of anyimaterial quantity of fluid therebetween. In this manner, the'tubular'arms 4'3 and are pivotally joined and have their respective bores '53 and, 54 at all times intercon-.

nected for the free passaage 'oi fluid from the tube 43 to .the tube 44.

"Operating'fluid, preferably air atrsuita'ble pressure, is supplied to the arm 43 through the expedient of another tubular pintle 6|, the lower end 62' of which is rigidly mounted at an edge of the operating surface 22 and preferably adjacent one corner thereof; The upper end 63 of the tubular pintle 6| has rotatably mounted thereon the end 64 of the arm 43 opposite that end-46 which is connected to the arm 44. This upper end 63 of the tube BI is also provided with suitable openings 66, establishing communication between bore of the tube 6| and the bore 53 of the tube 43. A preferably flexible tube El leads from the lower end of the tubular pintle fiI to a suitable source of air pressure, such as a conventional, household, vacuum cleaner 68, which is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 1.

A throttle valve II and manually operable handle I2 therefor, for controlling the rate of flow from thesource 68 to the tube 43, are provided in convenient location, preferably in the lower end of the tubular pintle 6|.

Auxiliary arms I6 and I? are pivoted together as at 18, and alsoto the arms 43 and 44 in such position that the arms I6 and H are at all times parallel to the arms 44 and A3. respectively. Thus it may be seen that the four arms 43, 44, i6, and 11 are assembled in a pantograph construction 119, the point of anchorage of'which is the pintle SI.

-By means of this pantograph construction 79, the

outer end 8! of the arm 34 may be caused to follow a selected path by moving an operating handle 82, which is revolubly mounted at the pivotal connection I8 between the auxiliary arms 76 and I1, in a similar proportionate path, but according to a reduced scale. Consequent y, a nozzle carried by the outer end 8| of the arm M- may be caused to move along one of the slots 33 associated with one of the air routes 32 of the map 28, by moving the'operating handle 82 in the corresponding direction in a parallel path, but through a shorter distance. Such being the case, in some instances it may be preferable to provide each of the maps 28 with a transparent area 84 through which may be observed a removably mounted key map 81 appropriate to the selected map 28, and also the operating handle 82 of the pantograph '19. This key map 81 may have delineated thereupon, at the appropriate reduced scale, air routes 88 corresponding to the air routes 32 of the map 28 intended to be used in conjunction therewith. By this means an operator can, by movingthe operating handle 82 along the air routes 88 of the key map, cause the nozzle to move along the operating surface 22 undertheslots 33 of the air routes 32 of the map 28.. I I

It should be understood, however, that the device can be operated satisfactorily without the use of the key map iil, because the operator can watch the course of the nozzle83 or the course followed by a model aircraft supported in the jet issuing therefrom, and move the operating handle 82 appropriately to cause the nozzle 03 to move in.-the proper direction as determined. by the slot 33 over which the aircraft is flying.

Figure 9 illustrates one type of model aircraft IOI in the form of a miniature replica of a balloon adapted for use in conjunction with the device described hereinabove. The body portion of this 'model balloon is in the form of a sphere I82 which is a simulation of .the' conventional gas rality'of fine wires I04 or their equivalent, rep?- resenting the basket-supported shrouds of a conventional balloon. Preferably the basket I03 is weighted by being composed'of relatively heavy material, or by being partially filled with suitable weighting material, such as a small quantity of mercury I06. relatively light construction, being hollow and very thin. a 1

This type of model aircraft is best suited for use in conjunction with a single nozzle, inasmuch as it can be supported and moved about bya single, upwardly directed j et of fluid, in such a manner as to simulate closely the flight of an actual, full sized balloon. Thus it may be understood that if such nozzle is carried by the end 8| of the pantograph arm 84, below the map 28 with the jet issuing from that nozzle upwardly through a slot 33, the model balloon I0l will be supported in midair by that jet, thereby presenting the illusion of a balloon flying over the terrain depicted or represented upon the map 28. Moreover, progressof the balloon from one place to another, or between airports 35, can be effected by movement of the nozzle in whose jet the balloon IOI is supported, in such a manner that the jet from that nozzle issuing through the slot.33 'moves along from the starting airport 35 to the-airport 35 where the flight is to end.

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a modified type of model aircraft equally well and perhaps better adapted for use in conjunction with the apparatus hereinabove described in connection with Figures 1 to 5 inclusive. This model which is indicated in its entirety at I l I is a simulation in miniature of an airplane of the monoplane type. The body portion of the model airplane I I I is in the form of a sphere I I2, preferably similar in constructiorito the ball I02 of the modification previously described. This ball II2 represents the fusilage of an actual aircraft, whereas the empennage is rep resented by a second and preferably smaller ball H3. These balls H2 and H3 are retained in spaced relation by preferably a plurality of wires H4 or the like, which serve as 'longerons and which cooperate with the balls H2 and H3 in presenting a structure which has a certain degree .of similarity of appearance to the body portion of carried by either wing I I 6. We prefer also to provide smaller wings H9. extending laterallyfrom the smaller, after balljl I3. These wings H9 represent the elevators of the actual'aircraft of which the model I II is a simulation. Here again, however, the wings I 59 are spaced laterally outwards from the ball I I3 bytheir supporting wires I2I,

far enough to clear the jet impinging against the ball I I3. To enhance the accuracy of simulation of an actual aircraft, preferably one or more pro- 7 pellers I22 are revolubly mounted at the frontend of the'model III.

Preferably a small quantity of mercury I25 or other weighting matter is disposedwithin' each of The sphere I02, however, is of the spheres II2and I'I3, resulting in lowering the center of gravity of eachlspherelto a point'close This'has been found to the bottom wall thereof. to add very materially to the stability of themodel airplane I'II, causingit to remain muchmore nearly motionless within the upwardly directed fluid jets than when the weighting matter is omitted. Thesame principle may be applied .to the model .balloon l I, but it has been found that in most instancesthe weight I06 in the basket I03 servesithe samepurpose.

This type of model I II flies more efliciently when used in conjunction with a nozzle I22, I23 for each of the balls H2, H3, respectively. The spacing-between the :nozzles I22 and I23 is substantially-the same astthat between balls I I2 and .I I3; and each nozzle'is provided at its upper end with-asuita'bleuba'sket structure I24 adapted to support the :associated ball'l I2, I I3 and retain it in axial alignment with the associated nozzle whenthe model I'I I is at rest, i. e., when the supply of fluid to the nozzles has been cut off and the model II I has thus been lowered to the position indicated in full'lin'es upon Figure 6.

Both rnozzles I22:and I23 are carried by a head -I3 l"which is*mountedfor free rotary motion upon a tubular spindle 1.32 which'extends upwardsfrom thez'outer 'end8'I :of the arm' 44 of the pantograph 19. Thus'it may beseenthat when a model aircraft hav'ing a plurality of spheres-is used, a correspondingnnumber of the nozzles I22 and I23 are substitutedifor the "single nozzle '83, whereby the model'I fl I having the single ball I02, is supported.

The upper end I33 of'the-tubular spindle I32 'opens'into the interior of the nozzle-carrying head I'3I .and the lower end I34 of the spindle I32 extendsinto the bore 54 of the tubular arm 44, where it'isipro-vided' with suitable openings I36 whereby fluid is.=enabledto'flowfrom'the bore 54 to the interi'or ofithe tube I32'and thence by way of the headrI3'I to both nozzles I22 and I23.

Inasmuch as the spacing between the nozzles I22and "I23is preferably greater than the width of any of the'slots .inthe map 28,the most eflicientoperation of the device requires that the head 'Is3I .bekept turned so that the plane including the axes of the nozzles I22 and I23 is disposed s'ubstantially parallel to that slot. Otherwise, one or .both of the'jets issuing from the nozzles I22, I23 will be interrupted and support of the model I I I thereby'made more difficult or impossible. The means for enabling the operator to keepthe nozzles I22 and I23 parallel to the slot along which the model 'III is being advanced, comprises a cord I'4I or "its equivalent, engaged upon and extending around the rotary head I3I. Both runsof the cord I II extend along the arm 44 '(see Fig. 3) to a-pulley arrangement I42, the axis of which preferably coincides'with'the axis of the pivotal connection between the arms 44 and TI, whence both' runs extend. to the operating handle 82 at the'pivotalconnection I8 between the arms "I6 and'TI. Thus it may be seen that the handle 82 serves the double function of enabling the operator to move the entire pantograph in such "a manner that the nozzle-bearing head follows the desired course, and also'by rotating the handle 82, producing corresponding rotation of the rotary head I3 Ito keep the nozzles I22 and I23 in a plane parallel to the slot 33 being used. This rotation of "the head I3I affects similar rotation of the model II I supported bythe jets from the nozzles so that in effect, rotation of the operating handle '82 steers the model II I correspondingly. In order to .facilitate movement of the outer end 8| of the pantograph over the operating surface 22 an antifriction'bearing I44 is preferably mounted on the under side of'the outer end of the'arm 44 and/ or :at any other portion of the pantograph which is Lfound to bear upon the supported surface 22 with nozzles suflicient pressure to interfere with free movement thereof. 7

Figure 8 illustrates another modified form of a model aircraft II, which in this instance is a simulationof a dirigible. The body portion I52 of the model I5I is deflned'by a wire framework I53 rigidly interconnecting a pair of spaced balls I54,.preferably similar in construction to the ball BI and each preferably havinga'w'eight,

such as a small quantity of mercury I 55 there inside. Nose and'tail caps I56 and I51, respectively, at the endsof the framework I53, steering and elevating rudders I58 and I59 respectively, and miniature'pro'pellers I5I, preferably at the sides of the body portion'l 52, enhance the exactitude of simulation of an actual dirigible, as does also a miniature cabin I62 disposed on the under side of the model I'5I, adjacent the nose I56. However, in order that maximum efficiency of flight be assured, we prefer'that these ornamental features be spaced far enough from the balls I54 to clear the jets in which they are supported. In the center of the body I53 is preferably a drum I63 having an opening I64 at the top thereof. This provides a cargo-carrying space in which small "objects representing sacks of mail/or other articles can be carried "while the model I5I is in flight.

By the use of the apparatus hereinabove described, both entertainment and education can be derived. By actuation'of the source of fluid, such as the conventional vacuum cleaner indicated diagrammatically on Figure l, fluid at suitable pressure can besupplied to the nozzles I22 and 5 23. Then by manipulation of the operating handle 82, these nozzles I22 and 'I 23 can be moved about overthe operating surface 22 so asto bring them under a selected one of the apertures 33. By turning the operating handle '82 about its own'vertical axis, the head 'I3'I carrying the I22 and I23 can be similarly rotated whereby to bring both nozzles into alignment with the"se1ected"'slot or aperture 33. The jets issuing from"the*nozzles I22 and I23 will then flow upwardly throughthe s'lot 33 with little or no interference totheirsm'ooth flow by the map 28. Accordinglypne'of the model aircraft hereina'bove-described"can'besupported in these jets. If "a nozzle-carrying head having a's'ingle nozzle thereon is "employed; preferably the model balloon IOIyillustrated"on Figure 9 is used, whereas if a plurality' of nozzlesare 'c'arried'by the movable-head,then-we"prefer that a model aircraft havingr'a plurality of balls in its structurebe employed so that each *ball 'will be properly supported in a jet separate from the other jet or jets. This means for supporting a spherical object in an upwardly directed-jet is well known, being described in Patent No. 612,622, to Windrath, and Patent 'No. l-3'7;1l 9, to Withers. Consequently, we lay-no claimto thebroad principle of vsupporting anpbject'in'an upwardly directed jet of air, butrather to "the adaptation of this well known principle 'to its use inconnection with means identifying the supported body as an aircraft or-mode1 thereof.

Actual use'of a'devi-c'eemploying the principles of our present invention has demonstrated that a model aircraft c'anbe supported very satisfactorilyin this -manrrer. By varying'the force :of the jet or jets, as by means of the throttle valve 'II,:the' degree of "elevation of the model above the map 28 can .be altered, whereas'if the force. is permitted :to remain constant and the nozzles-held stationary, the model supported in number of slots I19;

the .upwardly directed fluid will remain poise-d substantially stationary in mid-air. By manipulating the operating handle 82 properly, the nozzle bearing head I3I can be caused to move along, underneath and parallel to the slot 33, through which the jets are issuing. This will cause the model supported .in the jets to advance correspondingly, thereby presenting the illusion of flight. of the model aircraft from place to place. For example: It canv be determined in advance, for the sake of competition, that a certain flight is to be madefrom the airport at the point indicated on the map as Los Angeles to the airport of another, distant city, also indicated on the map, as for example, .New York. The various competing players will take their turn and each will endeavorto cause his model aircraft to make the predetermined trip in a minimum of time, the

person requiring the least time being the successful contestant.

By employing maps 28, which are accurately constructed so as to indicate truly the actual air routes being traveled by planes in regularly scheduled flight, valuable instruction can be imparted to the player or players, with respect to existing air lines; and inasmuch as the map 28 is removable, a plurality of such maps can be employed, each representing a different locality.

'A considerable degree of skill is required to complete such a flight with efficiency, inasmuch as the nozzle-carrying head I3I must be moved carefully so as to keep its nozzles I22 and I23 so accurately under the slots 33 that the jets are not interfered with,'and as soon as any such interference with the jets does occur, the model aircraft will crack up, i. e., fall from its mid-air position onto the map 28, thus disqualifying the operator. This manipulation is rendered more diflicult by the fact that the head must be turned whenever a corner is encountered, i.: e., a line joining the nozzle I22 and I23 must at all times be substantially parallel to the slot being manuevered at any given time. It has been demonstrated, however, that even unskilled persons can maneuver an aircraft by the means hereinabove described, with sufiicient efliciency to derive a great degree of entertainment and amusement therefrom.

V Figures 18 to 13 inclusive, illustrate a modification of our invention, wherein a predetermined terrain I16 is represented upon the upper surface I11 of a suitable housing I18. In this surface I11 preferably a plurality of longitudinally extending slots I19 are provided, it being understood that the numberof persons that can operate the device simultaneously corresponds to the Associated with each slot I19 is a nozzle-carrying head I8I having one or more nozzles I82 mounted thereon, the present modification illustrating a single nozzle I82 for each head I8I, with the result that the preferred type of model aircraft for use in conjunction with this modification of our invention, is the model balloon I 8|, illustrated upon Fig. 9; It should be borne in mind, however, that by duplicating the nozzles I82 on each head I8I, amodel aircraft having a plurality of balls in the structure thereof, can

ciency. I

Any suitable means may be providedfor supplying fluid to the nozzles I82. It is preferred, however, that individually controlling means be employed so as to enhance the competitive nature of this device. Figures wand 11 illustrate a moutheblown system for each nozzle I82, each be employed with equal efii comprising a preferably flexible tube I83 leading to the nozzle I82 from a suitable mouthpiece I84, whereby each contestant is enabled to blow through his associated tube I83 and in that manner supply air to his nozzle I82, and by regulating the force with which he blows into the mouthpiece I89 determine the height at which a model balloon I8I is supported over the associated nozzle I82.

Means are provided for moving each of the several nozzle-carrying heads I8I longitudinally of the casing I18; and inasmuch as all of these mechanisms are preferably of identical construction, it will suffice for the purpose of the present disclosure to describe but one of them.

Each head MI is mounted upon and carried by a suitable belt, cord or other flexible member I86, preferably endless and mounted upon opposed pulleys I81 and I88 at the after and forward ends I89 and I 9I respectively, of the case I18. Each of these belts I86 is so positioned with respect to the associated slot I19 that the nozzle I 82 carried thereby is adapted to direct its jet upwardly throughthat slot I19 and to support one of the model balloons IOI, or other model aircraft as'described hereinabove.

Means are provided for rotating one of the pulleys, preferably the pulley I88, so as to effect advance of the nozzle-carrying head I8I and the nozzle I82 carried thereby, and with them the model aircraft supported in the jet issued from the nozzle. tail one type of mechanism adapted to perform this function. The pulley I88 is carried by a shaft I96 which also carries a worm wheel, which is engaged at all times with a driving-worm I91. This worm I91 is rigid with a shaft I98, one end of which extends through the forward wall I9I of the casing I18 to receive a hand wheel I99 or other suitable handle whereby the shaft can be rotated. The other end of the shaft I98 carries a gear 28I enmeshed with a smaller gear 282 which is carried by a countershaft 283 upon which a fly wheel 284 is rigidly secured. Because of the engagement between the large and small gears 28I and 282, respectively, the countershaft 283 and fly wheel 284 are driven by the drive shaft but at a faster rate, which tends to make the mechanism continue to drive the belt I86 under the inertia of the fly wheel 284 after cessation of application of power to the hand wheel I99. Means are provided for permitting the hand wheel I99 to turn the shaft I 98 in a forward direction but for preventing the operator from stopping rotation of theshaft I98 suddenly. This engagement between the wheel I99 and the shaft I98 may be attained through the expedient of a steel ball 288 or its equivalent disposed in a recess 281 in the hub 288 of the wheel I99. The outer edge 289 of the recess 288 is of spiral form, wherein one end is farther from the axis of the shaft I98 than the other end. Hence, when the shaft I98 is stationary and the driving wheel I99 starts to rotate in a clockwise direction, as viewed upon Figure 13, the portions of the hub 288 defining the recess 281 will advance with respect to the ball 286 until the ball is seated in a portion of the recess 281 which is so narrow that binding occurs between the hub 288, ball 286, and shaft I98, whereupon continued rotation of the hand wheel I 99 will effect similar rotation of the shaft wheel I98. However, upon cessation of the rotation of the hand wheel I99 the shaft I98 will coast through the influence of the inertia device 284, causing the nozzle Figures 12 and 13 illustrate in de-v the model aircraft. 232' and 233so arranged, the jets issuingthere- I82 and the model aircraft supported in the jet thereof to-continue to advance beyond the respective positions thereof at-the'time that the operator ceased to rotate the hand wheel I99. The purpose of this arrangement is to require more skill on the part of the operator. Defined upon the upper surface I11 of the case I18 is a landing field 2 at the end of each slot I19, upon which the operator endeavors to permit his model aircraft to come to'rest; and in order to avoid overshooting the field and causing the model aircraft to drop outside the associated area 2 the operator must slow down rotation of his hand wheel I99 gradually, and at such a time that the danger of overshooting is avoided.

However, in order to facilitate return of the nozzle-carrying head I8! to starting position, means may be provided for fastening the hand wheel I99positively to the shaft I98, such as a radially disposed pin 2l2 carried by the hub 268. This pin is slidable so that it is optionally receivable within orremovable from a socket 2I3'in the shaft 168.

Other obstacles, hazards and the like over which the model balloons [61 must be fiown, can be provided upon the upper surface" I11 of the case I18. Preferably these hazards simulate those encountered byactual aircraft in flight. For example: Miniature replicas of a range of mountains 216-, acpower line 211, a fence H8, and a river 2l9 are illustrated upon Figures and 11. more dangerous for a given; player by one of his opponents, as for example, a reproduction of a .wind stormecan be produced by manually collapsable bulbs-22'! locatedat strategic points and adapted to direct gusts of air across the path of one or more of the: aircraft.

Figures 14 and 15'illustrate means for exercising additional control over the movements over one of the model aircraft whilezsupported in the jet or jets, as the case'might be, of fluid as described hereinabove. These: figures" illustrate one of the nozzle-carrying heads 231 similar to the head I31 previously described, carrying auxiliary nozzles 232 and 233 in addition to the principal nozzles 234 and 236; The principal nozzles 234-and 236 are so positioned-that the'jets issuing therefrom are adapted to engage two balls, as the balls' H2 and H3, andin that manner support the model aircraft; The: auxiliary nozzles'are arranged laterally with respect to one of the principal nozzles, preferably the nozzle 234' the jet from which engages'the forward ball of With the auxiliary nozzles from are adapted toengage the: wings H6 and 110f the model airplane. Consequently, by providing means for controlling independently the two auxiliary nozzles 232' and- 233, lateral tipping of the model aircraft can be produced, similar to the action of an actual aircraft, resulting from manipulation'ofits ailerons. Electromagnetic means are illustrated for perform"- ing this function. Carried by each of the nozzles over which control is to be maintained is a valve plate 231 slidable in a suitable housing 238-,

which is carried on one side of'the nozzle. The

valve plate 231 is adapted to' enter the associated nozzle through a slotin aside of the nozzle so as to assume a positionextending across the bore of the nozzle and thereby either reduce or' shut off completely the;flow, of fiuidtherethrougln Such ,movement of {the plate 231 is effected through the expedient of a' solenoid. 244', the

Certain of the hazards can be rendered over the flow of its fluid. A spring 246 is under compression between the armature 239' and a tubular housing 24I.mounted on the other end of the solenoid 244', whereby return of the plate 231lto its. opened position is effected upon deenergization of the solenoid.

Preferably such a control is provided: upon the principal nozzles 234and 236 as well as .uponthe auxiliary nozzles. By diminishing the flow through the forward principal nozzle 234, the model. aircraft. may be made-to lower itsnose, and by diminishing the fiow through the after principal nozzle 236, the model aircraft may be made to lower its tail. Similarly, by diminishing or completely interrupting the flow through one of the auxiliary nozzles, themodel airplane may be caused to lower the associated side thereof, simulating the effect produced-in anactual aircraft by manipulation of its ailerons;v

Therespective solenoids associated with the. nozzles 232, 233, 234, and 236 are indicated at 244, 241, 248,: and 249. Means for energizing a selected one of the solenoids are provided and' preferably this control switch is operated by means of a lever 25!, the. action of which is similar to-thatof the: conventional control .lever or joy stick commonly employed as the principal control of an airplane. This lever 25l which, due to limitations of the drawings, is illustrated on Fig. 13 merely in horizontal, transverse section carries a number of electrical contacts 252, 253, 254, and 256, which number coincides to the number of solenoids. All of these contacts 252m 256 inclusive, are electrically connected as by a conductor. 251 to one terminal of a source of electrical energy 258. The other terminal of the source ofenergy is connected-to' all of the solenoids 244, 241, 248,

and 24-9 as by conductors 259, 26I, 261, and 265 completing the circuit of that solenoid and effecting its energization; In this manner the associated valve plate 231'will be-moved toward closing position, diminishing the amount of fiow through the nozzle 234, the jet from which supports the nose of the model aircraft. Consequently, by this movement of the lever 25!, the nose of the model aircraft will be caused to dip.

The other fixed contacts 263, 264, and 266 are connected as by conductors268, 269, and 21l to the solenoids 241, 249', and 244, respectively, Thus it may be seen that if the operatordraws his joy stick toward him, the jet supporting the tailof his modelaircraft willbe diminished permitting the tail'to drop, thereby producing substantially the same effect as that produced in an actual aircraft when the operator thereof pulls his joy stick toward himselfy Similarly;

movement of the lever 25! to the operators left or-right causes the corresponding side ofthe model aircraft, which he is-manipulating to be lowered, simulating the effect of banking the ratus illustrated on Figures 14 and 15, because of the similarity between the control attained through the expedient of the lever I and the control exercised over an actual aircraft by means of its control stick or corresponding device.

Figure 16 illustrates a still further modification of our invention in the form of a tank 216 containing a suitable, preferably opaque fluid 21 l in which a model boat 218 or the like appears to float.: Actually, however, the boat 218 is carried at the outer end of a tubular arm 219 which extends radially from a vertical tube 28!, the upper and lower ends of which are journaled in suitable bearings 282 and 283, respectively. The upper bearing 282 is carried on the under side of a structure 284 presenting the appearance of an island, whereas the lower journal 283 is carried by a platform 286 which is suspended below the bottom 28'! of the tank 218. The tube 28!, which extends through the bottom 28! of the tank and a suitable stufling box 288, is adapted to'be rotated through the expedient of suitable gearing 289, speed reduction box 29l, and motor 292 which are mounted upon the platform 286. The island 284 is held stationary by means of a supporting tube 293 extending axially inside the rotary tube 28L This supporting tube 293 extends through the platform 286 to receive a conduit 294 whereby fluid can be supplied thereto, and suitable apertures 296 in the wall of the tube 293 permit this fluid to escape to the bore of the rotary tube 28! whence it can flow by way of the radial, tubular arm 279 to preferably a plurality of nozzles 29! and 298, wherebyjets are directed upwardly from the boat 218. Each of these jets so provided is adapted to support a model aircraft, such as the model dirigible' 39! and the model autogyro 302. By energization of the motor 292, the boat 218, and the nozzles 291 and 298 carried thereby are caused to rotate about the island 284; and by supplying fluid at suitable pressure to the hose 294, jets can be caused to issue from the rotating nozzles 29'! and 298 thus permitting a plurality of model aircraft to be supported in mid-air over the boat 218 thereby presenting the appearance of a plurality of actual aircraft flying in formation. This device is very effective as a display device to attract the attention of passers by.

We claim:

1. In a pneumatically operated game, a frame comprising an operating surface, a map, means for disengageab-ly supporting said map above and substantially parallel to said surfacesaid map having a multi-directional slot therein interconnecting predetermined localities on said map, means providing a pair of spaced nozzles: below said map, means rotatably and movably supporting said nozzles upon said surface, means accessible at one side of said frame for turning said nozzles to aline them with a selected portion of said slot, means accessible at one side of said frame for moving said nozzles upon said surface and for controlling the direction of such movement, means for supplying fluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing upwards therefrom, and a body simulating an aircraft in miniature adapted to be supported in said jets above said-map when said nozzles are positioned to direct their jets through said slot and to be advanced over said map when said nozzles are moved along said slot.

2. In a device of the character described, a plurality of nozzles, means for supplying fluid to said nozzles and thereby producing jets issuing therefrom, a body simulating a miniature aircraft adapted to be supported in said jets With each jet impinging against-a different portion of said body, and single means for controlling the force of said jets independently of each other whereby the position of said aircraft with respect to the horizontal can be varied.

3. A device of the character described, comprising means for directing a jet of fluid 'up-.

wards, a body supported by said jet and comprising a stimulation in miniature of an aircraft, and means weighting a predetermined side of said body to add stability to the body while supported in said jet and retain it with that side down.

4. In a device of the character described, means providing an operating surface having an opening therein, a nozzle disposed below said surface and directing its jet upwards through said opening, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said nozzle to produce said jet, and a miniature aircraft disposed within said jet and supported thereby over the plane of said operating surface.

5. In a device of the character described,-

means providing an operating surface having an opening therein, a nozzle disposed below said surface and movable with respect thereto and directing its jet upwards through said opening, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said nozzle to produce said jet, and a body disposed within said jet and supported thereby over the plane of said operatingsurface, said nozzle being movable with respect to said surface and said opening being larger than the cross sectional area of said jet at the plane of said surface, whereby said supported body can be caused to move about above the plane of said surface while supported by said jet.

6. In a device of the character described, means providing an operating surface having an opening therein, a plurality of nozzles disposed in predetermined relative arrangement below said surface and directing their jets upwards through said opening, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said nozzles to produce said jets, and a miniature aircraft supported by said jets over the plane of said operating surface and having separate means engaged by each of said jets to retain said miniature aircraft with an axis thereof extending in a relatively fixed direction with respect to said arrangement of said nozzles 7. In a device of the character described, means providing an operating surface having an opening therein, a plurality of nozzles disposed in predetermined relative arrangement below said surface and directing their jets upwards through said opening, means for supporting fluid under pressure to said nozzles to produce said jets, and a miniature aircraft supported by said jets over the plane of said operating surface and having separate means engaged by each of said jets to retain said miniature aircraft with an axis thereof extending in a relatively fixed direction with respect to said arrangement of said nozzles.

8. In a device of the character described, means providing an operating surface having an opening therein, a plurality of nozzles disposed in predetermined relative arrangement below said surface and directing their jets upwards through said opening, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said nozzles to produce said jets, a miniature aircraft supported by said jets over the plane of said operating surface and having separate means engaged by each of said jets to retain said body with an axis thereof extend- 76 ing in a relatively fixed direction with respect to said arrangement of said nozzles, and said nozzles being rotatable as a group whereby said miniature aircraft can be caused to turn about'a vertical axis and to point in any selected direction with respect to said operating surface while supported in said jets 9. In a device of the character described, a plurality of nozzles, means for supplying fluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, movable means supporting said nozzles and retainingthem with their jets in predetermined arrangement with respect to each other, a miniature aircraft comprising a body associated with each of said jets and adapted to be supported thereby and means interconnecting said bodies, means for advancing said nozzle-supporting means and thereby advancing said aircraft accordingly, and means for rotating said nozzlesupporting means abouta vertical axis and thereby rotating said aircraft accordingly.

10. In a device ofthe character described, a plurality of movably mounted nozzles, means for supplyingfluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, a miniature aircraft supported by said jets, means for moving said nozzles to advance said aircraft in translatory movement, and means for moving said nozzles to exercise control over the direction in which said aircraft points.

11. In a device of the'character described, a plurality of movably mounted nozzles, means for supplying fluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, a miniature aircraft supported by-said jets, and means for moving said nozzles to exercise control over the direction in which said aircraft points-without advancing it in a horizontal direction.

12. Ina device of the character described, a plurality of movably mounted nozzles, means for supplying fluid to said'nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, a miniature aircraft supported by said jets, and control'means for varying the direction in which said aircraft points independently of any translatory movement thereof.

13. In a device of the character described, a plurality of movably mounted nozzles, means for supplying fluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, a miniature aircraft supported by said jets, and means for varying the intensity of one of said jets independently of the other to vary the inclination of said aircraft with respect to the horizontal.

14. In a device of the character described, a

, plurality of nozzles, meansfor supplying fluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, movable means supporting said nozzles and retaining them with their jets in predetermined arrangement with respect to each other, means for moving said nozzles to advance said aircraft in tra-nslatory movementineans for moving said nozzles to exercise control over the direction in which said aircraft points; and means for varying independently the intensity of one of said jets-to vary the'inclinationof. said aircraft with respect to the horizontal.

-.15. In a device of the character described, a miniatu'reaircraft, means providing fluid jets by which said aircraft is'suppo'rted, said means being movable in translatory movement and in rotary movement independent of any translatory movementto effect corresponding movement of said aircraft.

16: In a device of the character described, a miniature-aircraft and means providing fluid jets by which said aircraft is supported, said means being rotatable to effect corresponding movement of said aircraft.

1'7. In a game of. the character described, a map'having a slot therein interconnecting predetermined localities on said map, supporting means'movably mounted below said map, a nozzle carried bysaid supporting means and pointing upwards through said slot, means for supplying fluid" to said nozzle to produce a jet issuing therefrom, a miniature aircraft adapted to be supported'by said jet above said map, and means for advancing said support along said slot to cause said aircraft to move correspondingly above saidmap.

18. In a game of the character described, a map having a slot therein interconnecting predetermined localities on said map, supporting means movably mounted below said map, a plurality of spaced nozzles carried'by said supporting means and pointing upwards through said slot, means for supplying fluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, a miniature aircraft adapted to be-supported by said jets above said man-and means for rotating said support about a vertical axis to causesaid aircraft to move correspondingly above said map.

19. In a game of the character described, a map having a slot therein interconnecting predetermined localities on said map, supporting meansmovably mounted below said'map, a plurality of spaced nozzles carried by said supporting means and pointing upwards through said slot, means for supplying fluid to said nozzles to produce jets issuing therefrom, a miniature aircraft adapted to be supported by said jets above said map, means for advancing said support along said slot to cause said aircraft to move correspondinglyabove said map, and means for rotating said support about a vertical axis to cause said aircraft to move correspondingly above said map.

MINNIE L. BURKE. RICHARD J. BURKE.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,12 ,690 August 0, 19 8.,

MINNIE L. BURKE, E'I' AL It is hereby certified that error appearsin the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 7, second column, line ll, claim 5', for the word "stimulation" read simulation; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein I that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Officeo Signed and sealed this 27th day of December, A.. D. 1958.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

